A Business Rule can execute actions when certain conditions are met. For each business rule you define general information (name, id, tracing, status), one or more trigger point points (update or creation of content items, replacing of a file or via schedules), conditions (what should the business rule check e.g. metadata changed), transformations (e.g. to transform unstructured metadata into structured tags) and actions (that will be executed e.g. remove permissions).
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